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摘要： Objective To analyze relevant policies and measures on the management of orphan drug reimbursement in foreign countries to provide a reference for future reimbursement management in China. Methods According to the percentage of health care expenditure in GDP, the completeness of rare disease policies, and the total population, Russia, Australia, and India were selected as the reference. Based on the existing literature, the main content and characteristics of the reimbursement of rare disease drugs were analyzed. Results and Conclusion Russia manages rare diseases in the form of lists. Special rare diseases are reimbursed by federal or regional finances, and ordinary rare diseases are reimbursed by statutory medical insurance funds. Orphan drugs in Australia are included in the pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS) and the lifesaving drugs program (LSDP), LSDP provides fully reimbursed drugs for eligible rare disease patients. India’s proposal takes health system sustainability into consideration. China should carry out epidemiological research to legally determine the rare diseases, establish reasonable reimbursement standards, and improve the multi-level reimbursement system.
